Inside Look: The Production Process of CBD Oil Revealed
CBD oil is a popular natural health product that is derived from the cannabis plant. In this article, we'll take an in-depth look at the production process of CBD oil, including the various methods used for extraction and manufacturing. We'll also discuss the differences between CBD and hemp oil and explore the importance of quality control measures in producing high-quality CBD oil.
Key Takeaways:
- The production process of CBD oil involves extracting cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant.
- Methods of extraction include cooking oil and heat, butane hash oil extraction, ethanol extraction, and supercritical CO2 extraction.
- CBD oil can be made from both marijuana strains and hemp crops, but most products are derived from hemp due to its legality and accessibility.
- Quality control measures are crucial in ensuring the production of high-quality CBD oil.
- There are different types of CBD oil extracts, including full spectrum extract and isolate, which contain varying levels of THC.
What Part Of The Cannabis Plant Is CBD Oil From?
When it comes to CBD oil, it's important to understand where it comes from and what part of the cannabis plant is used in its production. CBD oil is derived from the cannabis plant, specifically the Cannabis sativa plant. This plant encompasses both marijuana strains and hemp crops, both of which contain CBD. However, most CBD products on the market are derived from hemp due to its legality and accessibility.
Hemp crops are specially bred to have a high CBD content and low levels of THC, the psychoactive compound found in marijuana. THC is restricted and can cause intoxication, which is why hemp is preferred for CBD oil production. The CBD compound itself is concentrated in the trichomes of the cannabis plant. Trichomes are clear, hair-like growths found on the buds, leaves, and branches of the plant.
By extracting CBD from these trichomes, manufacturers can produce high-quality CBD oil that can be used for a variety of natural health products.
The Importance of Hemp Crops
Hemp crops play a crucial role in CBD oil production. These crops are specifically cultivated for their high CBD content and low THC levels, ensuring that the final product is non-intoxicating and compliant with legal regulations. Hemp crops are also known for their sustainable and environmentally friendly characteristics, making them a popular choice for CBD oil manufacturers.
“Hemp crops are bred to have a high CBD content with low THC levels, as THC is a restricted and intoxicating compound.”
Table: CBD Oil Sources
Cannabis Plant | CBD Content | THC Content |
---|---|---|
Marijuana Strains | Varies | High |
Hemp Crops | High |
This table summarizes the different sources of CBD oil. While marijuana strains can also contain CBD, their high THC content makes them unsuitable for many consumers. Hemp crops, on the other hand, offer a reliable and legal source of CBD with minimal THC content, making them the preferred choice for CBD oil production.
How Is CBD Oil Made From Hemp?
When it comes to extracting CBD oil from hemp, there are several methods utilized in the industry. Each method has its pros and cons, offering varying levels of efficiency, safety, and preservation of beneficial compounds. Here are some of the most common extraction methods used:
- Cooking Oil and Heat Extraction: In this method, hemp plant material is cooked with olive oil, coconut oil, or butter over low to medium heat. The cannabinoids and terpenes in the plant bind to the oil, which can be filtered to remove the plant material. While this method is natural and can be done at home, it may not be suitable for large-scale production due to inconsistent extractions.
- Butane Hash Oil (BHO) Extraction: BHO extraction involves using butane as a solvent to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant. However, this method can be dangerous if not done properly, as butane is highly flammable. Post-processing is required to remove any remaining solvents, and there may be a loss of beneficial plant waxes, terpenes, and minor cannabinoids.
- Ethanol Extraction: Ethanol extraction uses ethanol as a solvent to separate cannabinoids from the hemp plant. Ethanol is a safe and FDA-approved solvent that can dissolve both polar and fat-soluble molecules. The plant material is soaked in ethanol, filtered, and then distilled to remove the alcohol. Ethanol extraction is energy-efficient and preserves the natural beneficial compounds in the plant.
- Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extraction: Considered the gold standard in CBD oil extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction utilizes carbon dioxide at high pressure and low temperatures to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant. This method is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. The extracted oil is thick and viscous, and further refinement can be achieved through vacuum distillation. Supercritical CO2 extraction produces a solvent-free final product rich in phytonutrients and with a natural flavor profile.
These extraction methods play a crucial role in obtaining CBD oil from hemp. Each method offers unique advantages and considerations, allowing manufacturers to produce high-quality CBD oil for various uses.
Comparing Extraction Methods: Pros and Cons
Extraction Method | Pros | Cons |
---|---|---|
Cooking Oil and Heat Extraction | Natural method that can be done at home | Inconsistent extractions and not suitable for large-scale production |
Butane Hash Oil (BHO) Extraction | Efficient extraction process | Dangerous due to flammable nature of butane, requires post-processing, potential loss of beneficial compounds |
Ethanol Extraction | Safe and FDA-approved solvent, preserves natural compounds | Requires post-processing to remove alcohol |
Supercritical CO2 Extraction | Considered the gold standard, non-toxic, environmentally friendly | Requires specialized equipment, produces thick and viscous oil |
Each extraction method showcases distinct advantages and disadvantages. Manufacturers carefully choose the method that best aligns with their production needs and quality standards, ensuring the production of high-quality CBD oil from hemp.
Cooking Oil And Heat Extraction Method
The cooking oil and heat extraction method is a popular DIY approach to making CBD oil at home. This method involves using common cooking oils such as olive oil or coconut oil to extract the cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant. It is a natural and straightforward process that can be done with minimal equipment.
To begin the extraction process, the hemp plant material is gently heated with the chosen cooking oil over low to medium heat. The cannabinoids and terpenes in the plant bind to the oil, allowing them to be easily extracted. The mixture is then strained to separate the plant material, resulting in a CBD-rich oil.
The cooking oil and heat extraction method is a simple and accessible way to make CBD oil at home. However, it does have some limitations. The resulting oil has a lower bioavailability compared to other extraction methods, meaning that it may be less efficiently absorbed by the body. Additionally, since this method relies on cooking oils, the final product can be quite fat-soluble, which may not be ideal for some individuals.
Comparison of Extraction Methods
Extraction Method | Pros | Cons |
---|---|---|
Cooking Oil and Heat | – Natural and homemade – Accessible and affordable |
– Inconsistent batches – Lower bioavailability – Fat-soluble |
Butane Hash Oil (BHO) | – High extraction efficiency – Fast process |
– Safety concerns – Risk of explosion – Loss of beneficial compounds |
Ethanol Extraction | – Safe and FDA-approved – Preserves beneficial compounds |
– Potential residual solvent – Requires post-processing |
Supercritical CO2 Extraction | – Gold standard extraction method – Non-toxic and environmentally friendly |
– Requires specialized equipment – Costlier |
Despite its limitations, the cooking oil and heat extraction method is an attractive option for individuals who prefer a DIY approach and have access to the necessary ingredients. However, for commercial production and higher-quality CBD oil, other extraction methods such as supercritical CO2 extraction or ethanol extraction are often preferred for their efficiency and ability to produce consistent results.
Butane Hash Oil (BHO) Extraction Method
The butane hash oil (BHO) extraction method is a popular technique used to extract cannabinoids, including CBD, from the hemp plant. BHO extraction involves using butane as a solvent to dissolve the desired compounds from the plant material.
Butane, being a highly flammable and volatile substance, can pose significant safety risks if not handled properly. It is important to note that BHO extraction should only be conducted by trained professionals in a controlled environment to prevent explosions or other hazardous incidents.
After the extraction process, the resulting solution is then subjected to post-processing to remove any residual butane. This post-processing step plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and quality of the final product.
However, one limitation of the BHO extraction method is that it may result in residue and the loss of certain beneficial components, such as plant waxes, terpenes, and minor cannabinoids. These compounds can contribute to the overall therapeutic effects and flavor profile of the CBD oil.
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
– High extraction efficiency | – Safety risks due to the flammable nature of butane |
– Relatively fast extraction process | – Potential loss of plant waxes, terpenes, and minor cannabinoids |
– Suitable for large-scale production | – Requires post-processing to remove residual butane |
Despite its drawbacks, the BHO extraction method remains a popular choice in the cannabis industry due to its efficiency and ability to produce high-quality extracts. However, it is essential to prioritize safety protocols and adhere to industry standards when implementing this extraction technique.
Key takeaways:
- The butane hash oil (BHO) extraction method is used to extract cannabinoids, including CBD, from the hemp plant.
- BHO extraction involves using butane as a solvent, but it is highly flammable and potentially dangerous.
- Post-processing is necessary to remove any remaining butane from the extracted solution.
- BHO extraction may result in the loss of beneficial compounds, such as plant waxes, terpenes, and minor cannabinoids.
- Despite its drawbacks, BHO extraction is favored for its efficiency in large-scale production.
Ethanol Extraction Method
The ethanol extraction method is a popular and widely used technique for extracting CBD oil from the hemp plant. Ethanol, a type of alcohol, is used as a solvent to dissolve and extract the cannabinoids and other beneficial compounds from the plant material. This method is considered safe and FDA-approved, making it a preferred choice for many manufacturers.
In the ethanol extraction process, the hemp plant material is soaked in ethanol to allow the solvent to absorb the desired compounds. During this soaking period, cannabinoids such as CBD are released from the plant material and dissolved in the ethanol. The mixture is then filtered to separate the liquid extract from the plant material, resulting in a crude CBD oil.
To obtain a purer form of CBD oil, the crude extract undergoes further refinement through processes such as filtration and vacuum distillation. Filtration removes any impurities or remaining plant material, while vacuum distillation removes the ethanol, leaving behind a high-quality CBD oil that is free of solvents.
The ethanol extraction method offers several advantages. It is a relatively simple and energy-efficient process that can be scaled up for large-scale production. Ethanol is a polar solvent, which means it can dissolve both polar and fat-soluble molecules, allowing for a more comprehensive extraction of cannabinoids and other beneficial compounds. Additionally, ethanol extraction preserves the natural flavor profile and phytonutrients of the hemp plant, resulting in a high-quality CBD oil with a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties.
Advantages of Ethanol Extraction Method | Disadvantages of Ethanol Extraction Method |
---|---|
Safe and FDA-approved solvent | Requires post-processing to remove ethanol |
Efficient and scalable for large-scale production | May extract unwanted compounds |
Preserves natural flavor and phytonutrients | Less selective in extraction compared to other methods |
Allows for a broad spectrum of cannabinoids and terpenes |
Overall, the ethanol extraction method is a reliable and effective way to produce high-quality CBD oil. Manufacturers using this method prioritize safety and quality control to ensure the final product is free of residual solvents and meets strict standards. When choosing CBD products, it's important to look for reputable manufacturers that utilize the ethanol extraction method and follow best industry practices.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extraction Method
The supercritical CO2 extraction method is considered the gold standard for extracting CBD oil. This method uses carbon dioxide at high pressure and low temperatures to extract the cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant. Supercritical CO2 extraction is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and produces a solvent-free final product that is rich in phytonutrients and has a natural flavor profile.
During the extraction process, CO2 is transformed into a supercritical state, which means that it has properties of both a liquid and a gas. In this state, CO2 can efficiently penetrate the plant material to extract the desired compounds. The highly pressurized CO2 acts as a solvent, selectively pulling out the cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant while leaving behind any unwanted components.
The extracted oil produced through supercritical CO2 extraction is thick and viscous, often referred to as a concentrate. To further refine the oil and remove any remaining impurities, vacuum distillation may be used. This process helps to purify the oil and enhance its overall quality, resulting in a high-grade CBD oil.
Advantages of Supercritical CO2 Extraction | Disadvantages of Supercritical CO2 Extraction |
---|---|
Non-toxic and environmentally friendly | Requires specialized CO2 machines |
Produces a solvent-free final product | The extracted oil is thick and viscous |
Preserves the natural flavor profile of the hemp plant | May require additional steps such as vacuum distillation |
Overall, the supercritical CO2 extraction method is widely preferred in the CBD industry due to its efficiency, safety, and ability to produce a high-quality CBD oil. The resulting oil is free from solvents and contaminants, making it a desirable option for those seeking the potential health benefits of CBD.
How Is Hemp Extract Made Without THC?
Hemp extract refers to CBD oil that has been derived from the hemp plant with zero traces of THC. There are two types of hemp extracts that contain no THC: full spectrum extract and isolate.
Full spectrum extract contains all the cannabinoids and terpenes found in the hemp plant, including CBD. However, the THC content is kept below the legal limit to ensure compliance with regulations. This allows users to benefit from the entourage effect, where the various compounds work together synergistically to enhance the potential health benefits.
Isolate, on the other hand, is a pure form of CBD that has been refined to remove all other compounds, including THC. The extraction process involves removing the plant material, followed by winterization to remove additional compounds. Then, distillation is used to isolate the desired components, resulting in 99.9% pure CBD crystals.
Hemp Extract | THC Content | Cannabinoids | Terpenes |
---|---|---|---|
Full Spectrum Extract | Below legal limit | Includes all cannabinoids | Includes all terpenes |
Isolate | No THC | Pure CBD | No terpenes |
Both full spectrum extract and isolate have their advantages and are used in a variety of CBD products. Full spectrum extract provides a wider range of compounds, while isolate offers the purest form of CBD. Ultimately, the choice between the two depends on individual preferences and specific needs.
What is CBD and Where Does it Come From?
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a cannabinoid found in both marijuana cannabis and industrial hemp plants. It works alongside other cannabinoids to interact with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS). CBD was first discovered in the 1940s, but it wasn't until the passing of the 2018 Farm Bill that industrial hemp and hemp-based products, including CBD, could be legally sold in the United States. CBD is non-intoxicating and does not produce the high associated with THC.
Industrial hemp is a variation of the Cannabis sativa plant that is grown specifically for its low THC content and high CBD content. Hemp plants used for CBD extraction are carefully bred and cultivated to ensure consistent cannabinoid profiles. The cultivation of industrial hemp has been expanding in the United States since the legalization of hemp under the 2018 Farm Bill.
Marijuana cannabis, on the other hand, contains higher levels of THC, the psychoactive compound that produces the “high” sensation. Unlike marijuana, CBD products derived from industrial hemp contain less than 0.3% THC, making them non-intoxicating and legal to sell in most states.
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network of receptors found throughout the body. It plays a vital role in regulating various physiological functions, including mood, sleep, appetite, immune response, and pain perception. CBD interacts with the receptors in the ECS, potentially influencing these functions and promoting overall health and well-being.
The Difference Between CBD and THC
While CBD and THC are both cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, they have different effects on the body. THC is the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana, responsible for the euphoric and intoxicating effects. In contrast, CBD does not produce a “high” and is generally well-tolerated by most people. CBD has gained popularity for its potential therapeutic benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and anti-inflammatory properties.
2018 Farm Bill: Legalizing Hemp and CBD
The 2018 Farm Bill, officially known as the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, removed hemp from the list of controlled substances under federal law. This landmark legislation legalized the cultivation, processing, and sale of hemp and hemp-derived products, including CBD, as long as they contain less than 0.3% THC. The Farm Bill opened up new opportunities for the hemp industry and allowed consumers greater access to CBD products.
What is Cannabis Sativa and Hemp?
Cannabis sativa is a versatile herbaceous plant that has been cultivated for various purposes throughout history. It is one of the primary species of the cannabis plant, with the other being Cannabis indica. One of the variations of Cannabis sativa is hemp, which is grown for its low THC content and utilized in a wide range of industries.
Cannabis Sativa | Hemp | |
---|---|---|
Height | Tends to be tall, reaching up to 20 feet in height. | Tends to be taller, with some varieties reaching up to 30 feet in height. |
Heat Resistance | Can tolerate higher temperatures. | Has better heat resistance compared to Cannabis indica. |
Flowering Cycles | Has longer flowering cycles, typically taking several months to complete. | Has longer flowering cycles, typically taking several months to complete. |
One significant difference between cannabis sativa and hemp is the presence of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound responsible for the “high” sensation. Marijuana, which is derived from cannabis sativa or cannabis indica, has higher THC content, making it potent for recreational use. On the other hand, hemp contains low levels of THC (up to 0.3%) and higher levels of CBD (cannabidiol), making it the preferred choice for industrial hemp growth and CBD extraction.
Industrial hemp cultivation focuses on maximizing the growth of hemp plants while minimizing THC levels, ensuring compliance with legal regulations and facilitating the production of various hemp-based products.
Due to its tall stalks, ease of cultivation, and longer flowering cycles, hemp is favored for industrial hemp growth. It is used in the production of textiles, paper, building materials, biofuels, and more. Additionally, hemp is a valuable source of CBD, which is extracted from the plant's flowers and used in various wellness and therapeutic products.
Cultivation of Industrial Hemp
The cultivation of industrial hemp involves careful selection of hemp strains that are specifically bred to have low THC levels and high CBD content. These strains undergo rigorous testing and genetic analysis to ensure compliance with legal regulations.
- Hemp plants are typically grown outdoors, as they require ample space and sunlight to thrive.
- They can also be cultivated in controlled indoor environments, using hydroponic systems or specialized lighting.
- Proper soil preparation, irrigation, and pest control measures are essential for successful hemp cultivation.
- Farmers monitor the plants' growth, ensuring optimal nutrient intake and proper harvesting timing.
- Harvested hemp plants are then sent for CBD extraction and further processing to create a wide range of hemp-derived products.
Industrial hemp cultivation plays a pivotal role in meeting the demand for CBD and other hemp-based products, contributing to the rapidly growing CBD industry.
Why Does CBD Need To Be Extracted?
When it comes to CBD, it's important to understand that it doesn't exist in its usable form within the hemp plant. In order to harness the potential health benefits of CBD, extraction is necessary to separate the cannabinoid from the plant material. The extraction process allows for the isolation and concentration of CBD, making it easier to incorporate into various products.
Decarboxylation is an essential step in the extraction process. This process involves heating the hemp plant material to activate the cannabinoids, including CBD, by removing a carboxyl group. This transformation allows CBD to be more bioavailable and easily absorbed by the body.
“Extraction is the key to obtaining CBD from the hemp plant. Through careful extraction methods, we're able to unlock the therapeutic potential of CBD and create products that promote overall well-being.”
Similar extraction processes are used for other products derived from plants, such as essential oils and seed oils. These extraction methods ensure that the valuable compounds within the plant are properly isolated and preserved, resulting in high-quality CBD products.
The Extraction Process
There are several methods used for extracting CBD from the hemp plant. These methods include:
- 1. Cooking oil and heat extraction
- 2. Butane hash oil (BHO) extraction
- 3. Ethanol extraction
- 4. Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction
Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of efficiency, safety, and the preservation of beneficial compounds. It's important for manufacturers to select the extraction method that best suits their specific needs and ensures the production of high-quality CBD oil.
Extraction Method | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Cooking Oil and Heat Extraction | Can be done at home, natural method | Inconsistent extractions, not suitable for large-scale production |
Butane Hash Oil (BHO) Extraction | Efficient extraction | Potential danger if not done properly, loss of beneficial compounds |
Ethanol Extraction | Safe, FDA-approved solvent, preserves natural compounds | Additional processing steps required |
Supercritical CO2 Extraction | Gold standard method, non-toxic and environmentally friendly | Requires specialized equipment, more expensive |
By understanding the extraction process and the different methods available, consumers can make informed decisions when selecting CBD products that best suit their needs and preferences. It is important to choose products from reputable manufacturers that prioritize quality control measures to ensure the production of safe and effective CBD oil.
Conclusion
After taking an inside look at the production process of CBD oil, we have discovered the various methods used for extraction and manufacturing. These methods include cooking oil and heat extraction, butane hash oil extraction, ethanol extraction, and supercritical CO2 extraction. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method depends on factors such as safety, efficiency, and product quality.
It's important to note that the production of CBD oil involves extracting cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant, which are then refined and used in a variety of products. To ensure the highest quality CBD oil, it is crucial to choose products from reputable manufacturers that follow best industry practices and prioritize quality control measures.
By understanding the production process of CBD oil and making informed decisions about the products we use, we can fully appreciate the benefits of this natural health product. Whether it's for personal use or for the well-being of others, staying informed and choosing wisely is the key to a positive CBD oil experience.
FAQ
What part of the cannabis plant is CBD oil from?
CBD oil is derived from the cannabis plant, specifically the Cannabis sativa plant. Both marijuana strains and hemp crops contain CBD, but most CBD products on the market are derived from hemp due to its legality and accessibility.
How is CBD oil made from hemp?
CBD oil is typically made from the flowering hemp crops that are rich in cannabinoids and terpenes. There are several methods for extracting CBD oil from hemp, including cooking oil and heat extraction, butane hash oil extraction, ethanol extraction, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
What is the cooking oil and heat extraction method?
The cooking oil and heat extraction method involves using olive oil, coconut oil, or butter to cook the hemp plant material over low to medium heat. The cannabinoids and terpenes in the plant bind to the oil, which can then be filtered to remove the plant material. This method is natural and can be done at home, but it is difficult to achieve consistent extractions and may not be suitable for large-scale production.
What is the butane hash oil (BHO) extraction method?
The butane hash oil (BHO) extraction method involves using butane as a solvent to extract the cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant. This method is commonly used by hobbyists but can be dangerous if not done properly. BHO extraction requires post-processing to remove any remaining solvents and may result in residue and the loss of beneficial plant waxes, terpenes, and minor cannabinoids.
What is the ethanol extraction method?
The ethanol extraction method involves using ethanol as a solvent to extract the cannabinoids from the hemp plant. Ethanol is a safe and FDA-approved solvent that can dissolve both polar and fat-soluble molecules. In this method, the plant material is soaked in ethanol, filtered, and then distilled to remove the alcohol. Ethanol extraction is energy-efficient and maintains the natural beneficial compounds in the plant.
What is the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction method?
The supercritical CO2 extraction method uses carbon dioxide at high pressure and low temperatures to extract the cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp plant. It is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly method. The extracted oil is thick and viscous and can be further refined through vacuum distillation. Supercritical CO2 extraction produces a solvent-free final product that is rich in phytonutrients and has a natural flavor profile.
How is hemp extract made without THC?
There are two types of CBD oil extracts that contain zero traces of THC: full spectrum extract and isolate. Full spectrum extract contains all the cannabinoids and terpenes, but the THC is kept below the legal limit. Isolate is a pure form of CBD that has been refined to remove all other compounds, leaving behind 99.9% pure CBD crystals. The extraction process for both types involves removing the plant material, winterization to remove additional compounds, and distillation to isolate the desired components.
What is CBD and where does it come from?
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is a cannabinoid found in both marijuana cannabis and industrial hemp plants. It works alongside other cannabinoids to interact with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS). CBD was first discovered in the 1940s, but it wasn't until the passing of the 2018 Farm Bill that industrial hemp and hemp-based products, including CBD, could be legally sold in the United States. CBD is non-intoxicating and does not produce the high associated with THC.
What is cannabis sativa and hemp?
Cannabis sativa is an herbaceous species of plant that has been cultivated throughout history. There are two primary varieties of the cannabis plant: Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. Hemp is a variation of Cannabis sativa that is grown for its low THC content and is used for a variety of purposes, including CBD extraction. The physical differences between Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica plants include height, heat resistance, and flowering cycles. Hemp is the preferred choice for industrial hemp growth due to its tall stalks, ease of cultivation, and longer flowering cycles.
Why does CBD need to be extracted?
CBD needs to be extracted from the hemp plant because it is not readily available in a usable form. Extraction is necessary to release the cannabinoids and other compounds found in the hemp plant. Similar extraction processes are used for other products, such as essential oil, seed oil, and cannabis oil. Without extraction, CBD cannot be effectively used in various products and enjoyed for its potential health benefits.
Source Links
- https://neurogan.com/blogs/news/how-is-cbd-oil-made
- https://zebracbd.com/blogs/cbd-education/cbd-extraction-methods
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